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Caliper (brake)
From WikiPedalia
A caliper is a measuring device with moving parts that come together to determine the dimensions of a part.
Most bicycle brakes use a similar mechanism to move the brake shoes inward toward the rim, so they are called caliper brakes. A caliper brake uses a single assembly to move both brake shoes together, unlike a cantilever brake which has a separate unit on each side of the rim.
A brake caliper attaches to the bicycle by a single bolt, through the center of the fork crown or the brake bridge on the seat stays.
Also see the article on caliper brakes.
